To the regular dog owner, the rules and regulations of some national dog registry associations like the American Kennel Club (AKC) can strike one as problematic. Whilst you would expect a puppy registered by the AKC to be a healthy, high quality purebred, this is not always the case. You can really only be sure of getting a pedigree puppy. The AKC does not make sure the puppy's parents are free from health problems that may be latent but genetic. Additionally, it does not regulate the standards of breeders and their establishments. This can surprise a lot of people who would certainly presume that a prominent dog association like the AKC would provide such basic assurances. And it demonstrates why some breed clubs, such as those for the Australian kelpie dog breed, have decided not to finish the requirements for American Kennel Club registration. Dogs not recognized by the American Kennel Club cannot enter in the numerous American Kennel Club run dog shows. What is does mean, is that a breed's health and working dog qualities are protected.
What the AKC wanted breeders of the Australian kelpie to do was in effect limit the natural genetic variability of their dogs. Pedigree dogs seem to be bred from an ever decreasing gene pool. And this is especially true for those breeders concerned with champion lines. The net effect is that a lot of these dogs can no longer do the things for which they were once well known, such as hunt. It has also resulted in a lot of genetic health problems, the consequence of injudicious inbreeding to keep the lines 'pure'. Dogs are mated back to their parents and grandparents, simply because it creates dogs that help win dog shows. The University of Wisconsin:
"First, the AKC defines quality in a dog primarily on the basis of appearance, paying scant heed to such other canine characteristics as health, temperament, and habits of work. Over the years this policy has led to destructive forms of inbreeding that have created dogs capable only of conforming to human standards of beauty. Many can no longer perform their traditional tasks--herding, tracking, hunting--while more than a few cannot live outside a human-controlled environment." (Source)
Of course, this isn't the reason some dogs aren't recognized by the American Kennel Club as a separate breed. Many of the smaller breeds are not recognized as they are smaller versions of larger dogs, and the AKC doesn't recognize the distinction. This is the case with dogs like the small German spitz and the toy Manchester terrier.
Ultimately, unless you want a show dog, registration by the American Kennel Club is not as critical as buying a good quality dog from a breeder who breeds with the health of the dogs in mind, as well as to preserve the dog's natural abilities. Breeders who breed mostly for show are more likely to follow breeding practices that create genetic defects. And it could result in dogs that have personalities that might prove difficult to live with. Whilst there may be some instances where this is not true, in the long run, sustained inbreeding can only result in long term problems for a breed.
DMX Feat. Jinx, Loose, Big Stan, Kashmir, Drag-on, Mysonne - Next out the kennel / Problem child
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